Honing and lapping machine



Dec. 14-, 1937. T. F. QUIGLEY HONING AND LAPPING MACHINE '3 Sheets-Sheet1 Dec. '14; 1937.

T. F. QUIGLEY 2,102,093

' HONING AND LAPFING MACHINE 7 Filed May 18, 1923 3 sheets-Sheet 2 wan aDec. 14, 1937.

T. F. QUIGLEY 2,102,093

HONING AND LAPPING MACHINE Filed May 18 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet Zlwvemtoo m7aajgi y- Patented Dec. 4, 1937 f UNITED STATES" PATENT OFFICE I2,102,093 HONING AND LAPPING MACHINE Thomas F. Quiglcy, Cleveland. Ohio,assignor .to Micromatic Hone Corporation, a corporation of MichiganApplication May 18, 1928, Serial No; 278,883

2'! Claims. 7 (C1. 51-1843) motion, an example of such being enginecylinders in which pistons operate. Instrumentalities forthe purposesnoted are conventionally designated lapping heads or bones and theirmodus operandi should be such as to efiect the grinding and polishing ofthe surface operated upon with a high degree of accuracy. Theimprovements provided by this invention are primarily intended to beemployed in conjunction with those types of bones or lapping devices-forcylinder grinding objectives wherein there is employed a head carryingabrading devices arranged exteriorly thereof. The head shown herein isof hollow con struction and has therein instrumentalities forcontrolling the adjustment of the abrading devices with the requirednicety requisite for the grinding and finishing operations of the bodywith which the tool is to be used. v

For the most effective and accurate operation of grinding devices ofthis character, it'is essential that the abrading members be capable ofsuch adjustment as to be expanded outwardly at their upper ends forproper alignment with the walls of whatever body is being finished. Infact the conditions particularly surrounding engine cylinder grindingdictate that at the commencement oi the grinding operation on eachcylinder, the abrading membersbe aligned with the walls thereof.

Conditions arise as a result of continued service of one of thesetoolswherein the abrading members become worn more at oneend than at theother, and it is an -object of this invention to provideinstrumentalities associated with the abrading members for maintainingthe alignment of the surfaces thereof with the cylinder walls regardlessof unequal wear at the ends of a set of the said abrading members.

A highly important objective of the invention is to provideinstrumentalit-ies within the head, as above noted, for expanding theabrading members and which act at opposite ends of the abrading membersindependently of each other. More particularly, these instrumentalitiesinclude mechanisms each of-which is adapted to control expandingmovement at, one end of the abrading devices. j a

A particularly noteworthy feature included in this invention is theprovision otmeans for operating the expanding devices. Whilesubstantially only one major actuating system or means for causing thisaction need be provided, said means being common to both expandingmechanisms, the disclosed means permits of the independent operation ofeither one, or the simultaneous operation of both of said mechanisms incompensation for wear. For example, I herein show a difierential geararrangement and operative connections between said gear and theoperating mechanisms. A novel method of supplying power for operatingthe difierential gear construction is also provided, but this is aseparate invention forming the subject matter of a separate applicationfor'Letters Patent and is not an essential part of this inventioninasmuch as any suitable driving means for the gears may be provided.

. Aspecific detailed feature of novelty resides in the provision offlexible joints in the operative connections between the gearing andexpanding mechanisms. A somewhat similarflexible connection is alsoincluded in the mounting of the head on the main driving orcarriermember. These flexible connections are necessary inasmuch as theyaccommodate a certain amount of whip or play or misalignment between theactual honing device and the supporting or operating means usedtherewith.

In the actual operation of the now known types of honing or lappingtools of this character, it 'may be necessary to manually adjust orexpand the abrading devices one or more times during their operationone. given piece of work. This is due to the fact that the cylinder boreis to be ground to certain dimensions. Obviously, the tool cannotoriginallybe expanded to the dimensions which the cylinder hole is tohave upon its.

panding devices are initially forced by means" capable of expanding theabrading'members to the desired final shape and size of the bore inwhich they'operate, and in which said resilient further expand theabrading members to the desired finished dimension of the bore.

-means are effective as the walls are ground, to a vention proceeds.

For a full and mo're complete understanding of the invention, referencemay be had to the following description and accompanying drawings inwhich,

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through a tool made in accordance withmy invention.

Fig. 2 is a detailed showing in transverse section bringing out featuresof the differential gear arrangement.

Fig. 3 isa view in end elevation of the tool showing clearly thearrangement of the spring means for retaining the abrading devices-inthe head.

Fig. 4 is a detailed view in perspective of one of the expanding cones.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing one of the flange bushings on whicha cone is mounted.

Fig. 6 is a view partly inelevation and partly in section bringing outthe details of the assemblage of a cone on one of the bushings.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary illustration in elevation of a flexibleconnection between the head and shank carrying the same;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary and diagrammatic showing in section of theflexible connection in the driving connectors between the differentialgear arrangement and the expanding devices.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary view in section through the head, taken about onthe line 8-8 of Fig-' ure 13. V

Fig. 10 is a transverse section through the shank and housing bringingout the construction of the bayonet joint between'these parts. n

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary view of the bayonet joint. I

Fig. 12 is. fragmentary view, partly in elevation and partly in section,of the locking means included in the joint between the housing and theshank.

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary view. partly in section, bringing out themanner in which the abrading members are mounted on the head.-

Fig. 14 is a transverse section through the operative connectionsbetween i the differential gearing and expanding members taken about onthe line l4--l of Figure 8.

Figure 15 is a. longitudinal sectional view showing the relation betweenthe two driving shafts. i

While a preferred specific embodiment of the invention is herein setforth, it is understood that I am not to-be limited to the exactconstructions illustrated and described because 'various modificationsof these detailsmay be provided in putting the invention into practicewithin the purview of the appended claims.

Throughout the various figures of the drawings and the specification,corresponding parts are denoted by like reference characters.

A tool made in accordance with this invention comprises generally aheadwhich carries the abrading members and {expanding instrumentalitiestherefor, at hollow shank B on which the head A is mounted, and ahousing 0 operatively connected with the shank B and including adifferential gear arrangement for driving the expandinginstrumentalities in the head A.

The head A is cut away to provide longitudinal grooves i whichcommunicate with bore 2 of the head through the medium of openings 3.Abrading members comprising stones 4 and carriers 5 have pins 6 passingthrough the openings 3, and these abrading members are located in thegrooves i and are adapted for relative movement with respectto the head.The ends of the pins 6 are rounded off as shown at 1 whereby they areadapted for engagement with expanding members in a manner to behereinafter described. A ring-like coiled spring 8 is fitted in undercutnotches 9 in the'carriers 5 and functions to retain the abrading membersassembled with the head, there being a spring 8 at each end of theabrading" members.

A ring-like abutment member I 0, having an internal flange ii, is heldin position in the bore 2 in any suitable manner such as by screw pinsi2. This member in is designedto function as a means for limitingmovement of the expanding devices as will later become apparent.

Two independently operable expanding mechanisms are employed, each beingadapted to cause a control movement of one end of the abrading members.These mechanisms may be substantially identical in construction with theexception that the driving shaft for one of the mechanisms is of hollowconstruction to permit the passage therethrough of the drive shaft ofthe other.

Referring now to Figures 4, 5, and 6, the rounded ends i of the pins 6are inoperative engagement with a conical surface l3 of an expandingmember M, which member has a cylindrical surface l5 in engagement withthe cylinder. wall of the bore 2. i1 extending axially with respect tothe head and this flange enters into an enlarged portion iii of a borel9 extending through the expanding member II. The bushing l6 has athreaded bore 20 extending through the entire bushing.

Screwed in the bore 20 is the threaded end 2|- ber l4 and bushing I6, Imay employ meansineluding an appropriate number of screws 23, which havetheir ends threaded into screw open- A bushing l6 has a cylindricalflange I swivel connection between its collar 22' and the lugs 23' inthe member H. In the present instance I have shown four of these screws,al-

though any desired number may well be utilized. A

The bushing I6 is provided with smooth countersunk'openings shown at 24through which the screws 23 pass, thegg eads fitting in thecounte'rsinka Relative vement between the bushing it and screws 23 ispro vided, which movement'is limited in one direction by the heads andin the other direction by the expanding member l4. Interposed betweenthe bushing l8 and expander l4 are-fairly powerful coiled springs 25.These springs are preferably arranged withthe s rews 23 "runningtherethrough, thereby aining them in proper position. The springs 25constantly exert a force tending to sep-. arate the members l6 and Il.

The expanding member just described in the preceding paragraphs'is theone located adjacent the free end in the head. The other expandingmechanism is shown as of identically the same construction except thatthe bore 20 of the bushing i6 is of slightly larger dimensions to accommodate a larger threaded end 26 of a hollow drive shaft 21. The driveshaft 22 extends through the shaft 21 and carries at its free end abevel-gear 28, while the shaft 2'! terminates in a bevelgear 29. Thesegears 28 and 29 constitute part of a differential, gear arrangement tobe later set forth.

The shank B'and housing C are operatively connected in a detachablemanner by the bayonet 3 joint construction shown in detail in Figures10, 11, and 12, this joint being referred to generally by the referencecharacter D. The construction and operation of this bayonet joint ispractically self-evident and is described in detail in my copendingapplication, Serial Number 256,244, flied February 23rd, 1928. Whentheparts B and C are connected, rotation of the housing C causesrotation of the shank B to rotate the head A for operation of the tool.

A flexible connection between the head A and shank B is provided, such aconnection being brought out in Figures 1 and '7, designated gen-.erally by the reference character E. This connection is fully describedin my above identified copending application. Located at substantiallythe same place in the actual arrangement of the 1 tool as the flexiblejoint E, are flexible driving joints in the driving shafts 22 and 21.Referring now to Figures 8 and 14, the drive shaft .21 has aninterlocking male and female joint shown at 30, and extending throughthe overlapping por-.

tions of this connection are pins 3|. There is a relatively looserelation between the parts of the drive shaft '21 at the-joint 30, toallow for a cerlends the property of flexibility to the connection. L a

Likewise the drive shaft 22 is ,provided with a male and female jointshown at 32 and extending through fire overlapping portions of the shaft22, at w chis a pin 33. By arranging these parts so there is a certainamount of looseness the desired feature of flexibility is afforded. 4Within thehousing C is a-difierential gear in any preferred manner. Themember 34 is driven from the driving spindle 36 in any suitable way, asby a pin and slot connection, the pin 31 in this case projecting fromthe spindle rically opposite points of the gear housing 34 and extendinginteriorly thereof, are bevel-gears 35, each of which is in engagementwith the J bevel-gears 28 and carried by the shafts 22 tain amount ofplay. It is this feature which housing member 34. which is adapted to berotated and'into a slot .38 in the member 34. At diamet- -and 21. It isapparentthat upon rotation of a driving by the ,difierentialgear of theexpand-' The operation'of the tool herein described is substantially asfollows:

The head A carrying the abrading members is inserted in a bore which isto be finished. The abrading members have been collapsed to permit 5 ofthe insertion of the tool into-the bore. The gear housing is now rotatedto cause expanding action of the expanding mechanisms located within thehead A. The exact mode of operation of these expanding members inaligning the abrading members with the wall of the cylinder is varied,that is, one member in one case might meet resistance whereupon theother member would be initially operated to move the ends of theabrading members adjacent thereto into engagement with the walls of thecylinder. It is obvious that this method of moving outwardly therespective ends of the sets of abrading members, by independentexpanding-means such as the respective longitudinally movable cones M,insures the alignment of these devices with the walls of the cylinder.bore, or its equivalent, by reason of the differential movement givensaid Q cones by the concentric shafts 3B and'22, regard-'- less of anyinequality in the rates of wear at the respective ends of the abradingmembers during use; and this action will have entailed a likecompression and an equal or unequal release of the springs 25,-whoseseparateness and mode of in- P terposition assures a resilientapplication of outward pressureup to a predetermined limit.

As the shank B, housing C, and head A, are rotatedand: reciprocated in'the finishing operations, the walls of the cylinder bore are groundsmooth andthe abrading members are forced outwardlyhnnderthe action ofthe springs 25. This autiinatic expansion of the abrading members islinriiby the headed screws 23 to inhibit the g'rinding of the bore to anoversize. When the tool is to be removed from the bore, the differentialgear housing C may be rotated to cause fr retraction of the expandingcones l4, whereupon the abrading members will be collapsed under theaction of the ring springs B. I

Having thus described my inventiomwhat I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

'1. In a honing tool of the class described, the combination with aheadand abrading devices carried thereby, of instrumentalities forexpanding. the abrading devices, said .instrumentalities includingexpanding members which affect the ,abrading devices at opposite endsthereof, driving means .forcausing operation of the expandinginstrumentalities, and driving metallic connecting elements between thedriving means and the expanding members permitting'of the independentoperation of each of the expanding members. 2. ma grinding tool of theclassdescribed, the combination with a head adapted to be insex-ted in abore, the cylinder walls of which are to be finished, andabradingdevices carried by the head, of instrumentalities for causingexpanding action of the abrading devices, said instrumentalitiescomprisingcones arranged within the head toaflect the abrading devicesat opposite ends thereof, and differentially associated gear-w ing forcausing longitudinal movement of the cones in the head, arid wh1chmovement of each cone is independent with respect to movement oftheothercone'. '3. In a grinding tool of the class? described, thecombination with a hollow head adapted to be inserted in -anopening thecylindrical wall of. which is to be finished, and abrading devicescarinto the hollow portion of the head, said pins being located atopposite ends of the abrading devices, of conical expanding membersarranged for longitudinal movement in the' hollow head, and havingconical surfaces in engagement with the pins aforesaid,- anddiflerential gear mechanism for causing independent operation of theconical members for imparting expanding action to the abrading devices.

4. In a grinding tool of the class described,

the combination with abrading devices whose ends are outwardly movable,and separately movable instrumentalities for expanding the respectiveends of said abrading devices, of means for rotatively operating thetool, driving means for varying the expanding pressure applied throughsaid instrumentalities, during the operation of the tool, and aplurality of resilient means for causing further expanding operation ofsaid instrumentalities, .-said resilient means being independentlyresponsive to said driving means to a predetermined limit, even afterdiscontinuance of the operation of said driving means and as pressureupon the abrading members becomes released;

5. A grinding tool of the class described, comprising, in combination,abrading devices, conical expanding members arranged to afiect theabrading devices in-expanding action at opposite ends thereof, drivingmeans for causing independent operation of the expanding members, saidexpanding members including means for causing expanding operation of thesame independent of the driving means.

6. A grinding tool of the class described, comprising, in combination,anabrading device having pins at opposite ends thereof, expandinginstrumentalities having conical members in engagement with the pins andwhich conical mem bers are arranged so that longitudinal movementthereof in one direction imparts expanding action to the pins,differential gear mechanism for causing difierential operation of theexpanding instrumentalities for imparting longitudinal movement to theconical members, and means between the difierential gear mechanism andsaid conical members to impart expanding movement to the abradingdevices as pressure thereon becomes released due to grinding action ofthe tool.

7. An expanding device for the purpose specified, comprising, incombination, a bushing, a conical member carried by the bushing, andresilient means interposed between the conical member and bushing forcausing relative expand-W.

ing action therebetween.

8. An expanding device for the purpose speci-l,

fied, comprisingimcombination, a bushing having a flange thereon, ahollow conicalexpanding member mounted on the bushing, means interposedbetween the expanding member and the flange for causing relativeseparative movement between the bushing and the conical member, andmeans for limiting the action of said separating means.

9. An expanding device for the purpose specified, comprising, incombination, a flanged bushing, an expanding member carried by thebushing, screw members connecting the flanged portion of the bushingwith the expanding member,

and springs interposed'between'the expandingmember and the flange forcausing relative separative movement between the bushing and theexpanding member, said screws constituting aroaoea means for limitingexpanding action of the springs.

10. A grinding device of the class described, comprising, incombination, a head having a bore, an abrading device carried by thehead having pins located at opposite ends of the abrading deviceprojecting into the bore of the head, expanding instrumentalities in thebore of the head having conical surfaces in engagement with the pins andadapted for longitudinal movement in the head to cause expanding actionof the abrading device, driving means for imparting independentoperation to the expanding instrumentalities for aligning the abradingdevice with the work to be finished, and meansto cause subsequentexpanding action of the abrading members to move the expanding deviceoutwardly as pressure thereon becomes released due to the grindingoperation of the tool.

11. A grinding tool of the class described, comprising, in combination,a head, abrading devices carried by the head, instrumentalities forexpanding the abrading devices, and operative to expand the abradingdevices at opposite ends thereof, said instrumentalities being movablelongitudinally in the head in one direction to cause expanding action,screw means associated with the instrumentalities for causinglongitudinal movement thereof, and difierential gear mechanism forcausing independent operation of the screw means associated with theexpanding instrumentalities, and means included in the instrumentalitiesfor causing longitudinal movement of a portion thereof to impart furtherexpanding action to the abrading members independent and subsequent tothe expanding vaction caused by operation of the difierential gearmechanism.

12. A grinding tool of the class described, com

prising, in combination, abrading devices, expanding cones forimpartingexpanding action to the abrading devices and aifecting thelatter at opposite ends thereof, drive shafts for the expanding conesrotated one within the other, and a differential gear mechanismoperative through the drive shafts causing independent operation of theexpanding cones.

- 13. A grinding tool of the class described, com prising, incombination, a hollow shank, a hollow head carried by the shank, aflexible connection between the head and shank, abrading devices carriedby the head, expanding instrumentalities in the head and movable thereinto expand the abrading devices at opposite ends thereof, driveshaftsarranged one within the other for causing operative movement ofthe expanding instrumentalities, a flexible joint for the drive shaftsand arranged at substantially the same placeas the flexible connectionbetween the shank and head, and a diflerential gear mechanism forcausing independent operation of the expanding instrumentalities.

14. In a grinding tool of tli class described, the combination with acarrier member and abrading devices thereon, of instrumentalities forexpanding the abrading devices at opposite ends thereof, threaded driveshafts associated withthe expanding instrumentalities for causinglongitudinal operative movement thereof, differential gear mechanism forimparting driving actions to the drive shafts, and which driving actionsof the drive shafts are independent and spring means included in theexpanding instrumentalities for causing operation thereof independent ofthe driving shafts, to expand the abrading devices as pressure thereonbecomes released.

15. A grinding tool of the class described, comprising, in combination,ahead having a bore, abrading devices having pins projecting into thebore, and which pins are located at opposite ends of the expandingmembers as pressure on'the abrading devices becomes released.

16. In a grinding tool of the class described, the combination of acarrier member which is adapted to be inserted in a bore, thecylindrical walls of which are to be finished, and abrading devicesthereon, of instrumentalities for expanding the abrading members againstthe walls to be finished, and which. instrumentalities include means foraligning the abrading devices with the cylindrical wal s, means-includedin said instrumentalities for'durther expanding the abrading devices andmaintaining them in alignment with the cylindrical walls during theentire grinding action, and means for limiting the expanding action ofsaid last named expanding means.

17. In a tool for the grinding or curved surfaces: abrading deviceswhose ends are provided with separate means for transmitting expandingmovement thereto; independently longitudinally movable means foreffecting such expanding movement at .said ends respectively; and means,

including difierential gearing, for imparting differential longitudinalmovement to said expanding means respectively.

18. In a tool for the grinding of curved surfaces: abrading deviceswhose ends are provided with separate means for transmitting expandingmovement thereto; independently longitudinally movable means foreffecting such expanding movement at said ends respectively; and means,

including differential gearing, and concentric shafts, extendingtherefrom to said expanding a means, for imparting difierentiallongitudinal movement to said expanding means respectively;

19. In a tool for the grinding of curved surfaces: abradingdevices whoseends are provided with separate means for transmitting expandingmovement thereto; independently longitudinally movable means for-efiecting such expanding movement at said ends respectively; and means,including differential gearing, and concentric shafts, extendingtherefrom to said expanding means, for imparting diiferentiallongitudinal movement to said expanding means respectively,-separateresilient means being interposed between said shafts respectively andsaid expanding means. 6 w

20. In a tool for the grinding of curved surfaces: abrading deviceswhose ends are provided with separate means for transmitting expandingmovement thereto; independently longitudinally movable means foreffecting such expanding 21. In a honing tool, a pair of coma-abrading-.a plurality of gears.

22. In a honing tool, a pair of abrading elements, expanding membersmovable toward and away from each other, a tubular element supportingone of said members, a rod extending through the tubular element andsupporting the other member, and spring means for'applying a pressurethrough said rod and tube for forcing said expanding members to apply anoutward yielding force to said abrading elements during a honingoperation.

23. In a honing tool, a pair of abrading elements, expanding membersmovable toward and away from each other, a tubular element supportingone of said members, a rod extending through the tubular element andsupporting the other member, said rod and tubular element affecting thelongitudinal movement of said members within the tool, and spring meansfor applying a pressure through said rod and tube for forcing saidexpanding members to apply an outward yielding force to said abradingelements during a honing operation.

'24. In a honing tool, a pair of abrading elements, expanding membersmovable toward and away from each other, a tubular elementsupporting'one of said members, a rod extending through the tubularelement and supporting the ments, expanding members movable toward andaway from each other, a'tubular element supporting one of said members,a rod extending through the tubular element and'supporting the othermember, spring means acting on said rod and tubular elements for urgingthe expanding means to radially load the abrading elements, and meansfor adjusting the rod and tubular elements relative to each other.

26'. In a honing tool, a pair of abrading elements, expanding membersmovable toward and away from each other, a tubular element supportingone of said members, a rod extending throughthe tubular element andsupporting the other member, spring means acting on said rod and,tubular element for urging the expanding means to radially load theabrading elements, means for adjusting the rod and tubular elementsrelative to each other, said adjusting means embodying a plurality ofgear elements.

27. In a honing tool, a-pair of abrading elements, expanding membersmovable toward and away from each other, a tubular element sup portingone of said members, a rod extending through the tubular element andsupporting the other member, said' rodand tubular element affecting thelongitudinal shifting of the members within said tool, spring meansacting on said rod and tubular element for urging the expanding means toradially load the abrading elements, means for adjusting the'rod andtubular elements relative to each other, said adjusting means embodyinga plurality of gear elements.

THOMAS F. QUIGLEYI

